HPV and Cervical Cancer, Cause and Prevention

By Steven D. Stenzel, MD
Gynecology
Stenzel Clinic for WomenÕs Health, Eau Claire

The cause for cervical cancer and pre-cancer, also called dysplasia, had been sought for decades, but it is now known that Human Papilloma Virus, (HPV), a family of skin affecting viruses, is the cause. The HPV is transmitted through sexual intercourse.

Following exposure (through intercourse) to these viruses, the surface cells of the vulva, vaginal walls and cervix can react in several ways. Skin tag-like growths called papillomas may develop. These are also called venereal warts. Or, the HPV may be “stored” in the genital cells and not show its effect until many years later. The last possibility is the altered growth of cells leading to cervical dysplasia. Specific testing and treatments are available for the problems that HPV causes, including evaluation of abnormal Pap smears and topical treatment of genital warts.

Nearly 75% of sexually active individuals between the ages of 15 and 35 have HPV. The vast majority are unaware because no symptoms occur. A key protective factor in the prevention of dysplasia is a strong immune system. These are the cells in the body that interact with viruses. A balanced diet, exercise and a healthy lifestyle promote a strong immune system. Smoking is the most controllable activity that harms the immune system.

After first exposure to the virus, a strong immune system “clears” the body of the virus over time, usually by age 30-35. It is this clearing that has allowed new Pap smear screening guidelines to be established by the National Institute of Health, the American Cancer Society and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The new guidelines are:

For more information, or to schedule an appointment
with Dr. Stenzel » 715.831.6100 Stenzel Clinic for Women’s Health